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On 21 June 1813, Wellington encircled Joseph Bonaparte near Vitoria and drove the French from Spain in a single afternoon. The road north was covered in abandoned guns, gold, and paintings. A six-year occupation ended in a rout.
On 13th April 1829, the Roman Catholic Relief Act received royal assent, allowing Catholics to sit in Parliament for the first time since the Penal Laws. It was a genuine victory. The terms on which it was extracted deserve closer inspection.