this day in history

On 18 May 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent sent 40,000 men to take Malta. A handful of Knights and Maltese held them for four months. The bill for a single small fort should have told the Ottomans everything.

On 17 May 1527, Pánfilo de Narváez departed Spain with 600 men to colonise the Gulf Coast of Florida. By 1536, four of them had made it back. The rest died in swamps, hurricanes, arrow attacks, and on a barrier island in Texas that the survivors named the Island of Misfortune.

On 16 May 1770, Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste married at Versailles. She was 14, he was 15, and they would fail to consummate the marriage for the next seven years. The consequences were not nothing.

On 15 May 1532, the Convocation of Canterbury surrendered the Church of England's right to make its own laws without royal approval. Thomas More resigned the next day. The monasteries followed four years later. Henry VIII had decided he wanted the other half.

On 14 May 1610, Henry IV of France was stabbed to death in his carriage on the Rue de la Ferronnerie by a Catholic zealot named François Ravaillac. He had survived thirty years of religious civil war. He did not survive a traffic jam.

On 13 May 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico over Texas, borders, and ambition. Less than two years later the treaty ink was dry, California was American, and the argument that would tear the Union apart had new fuel.

On 12 May 113 AD, Trajan dedicated a thirty-metre marble column in Rome depicting his conquest of Dacia in 2,500 carved figures. The wars it commemorated were Rome at its peak — and the plunder that paid for almost everything.

On 11 May 1904, Salvador Dalí was born in Figueres, Catalonia. He became one of the most technically gifted painters of the twentieth century and arguably its greatest self-promoter. The two things were never entirely separable.

On 10 May 1497, Amerigo Vespucci allegedly left Cádiz for his first voyage to the Americas — beating Columbus to the mainland by a year. The voyage is almost certainly a fabrication. The continent is named after him anyway.

On 9 May 1386, England and Portugal ratified the Treaty of Windsor, beginning the oldest diplomatic alliance still in force. Six centuries later, it was still working - helping to win the Second World War.